173 Ergebnisse
Adam Smith's concept of the invisible hand and its subsequent perception in economics is illustrated in this short video.
According to Karl Marx, work should satisfy people and encourage creativity. But the capitalist production, the separation of labour and the exploitation of workers alienates them from their products.
Philosopher and political economist John Stuart Mill laid several foundations for liberal thinking, amongst others with the harm principle: everyone should be given the individual freedom - and not be hindered by e.g. state intervention - to act as s/he wants as long as no other person is harmed by this action. A short insight in his book On Liberty.
Walter Ötsch stellt die Ergebnisse einer Netzwerkanalyse eines Datensatzes zu Deutschen ordoliberalen Ökonomen in der Nachkriegszeit vor. Um die Daten zu interpretieren, verwendet er die Netzwerktheorie von Bruno Latour und kontextualisiert die Verbindungen der Personen im Netzwerk mit historischen Daten. Die Interpretation der Daten legt nahe, dass schon vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, aber insbesondere danach, Ordoliberale enge Verbindungen mit politischen und unternehmerischen Akteuren sowie Akademikern der Neoklassischen und Österreichischen Tradition hatte. Diese Netzwerke hatten auch eine internationale Dimension. Laut Ötsch hielt diese Netzwerke der gemeinsame Gegenpol zur Keynesianischen Theorie zusammen sowie ihre binäre Interpretation des Markt-Staat Verhältnisses.
In this keynote speech, Roger Backhouse gives a historical overview of theories on secular stagnation: how it evolved from a description of the economic situation, especially in the U.S. of the 1930s to an analytical tool and then lost importance until its current revival. Backhouse touches upon the contributions of J. A. Hobson, Alvin Hansen, Evsey Domar and Paul Samuelson.
Galbraith first explores the social darwinism of Herbert Spencer and others that served as apology for the highly unequal distribution of wealth in the US at the end of the 19th century and naturalized differences in wealth by appealing to the concept of natural selection of the fittest. Then some instances of the unscrupulous business practices (i.e. robberies) of the American railroad tycoons and other business magnates are recounted. Lastly, Galbraith lines out some of the arguments of Thorstein Veblen, who delegitimized and ridiculed the business and leisure activities of the rich by putting them in the same category as predatory and ritualized practices of primitive or ancient societies.
In diesem Vortrag „Von der Neoklassik zum ökonomischen Mainstream“ entwickelt Silja Graupe „kritische Reflexionen zur Entwicklung modernen ökonomischen Denkens“. Was machst die Denkweise der „modernen Lehrbuchökonomie“ aus? Welche Konsequenzen hat diese und wie hat sie sich historisch herausgebildet?
Ist der Markt für ökonomische Ideen ein perfekt funktionierender Selektionsmechanismus? Heinz Kurzs Antwort auf diese Frage ist nein und somit leitet er den Rekurs auf Klassiker des Ökonomischen Denkens ein. Zunächst stellt er Charakteristika des klassischen und neoklassischen Denkens vor und vergleicht deren Grundannahmen. In Abgrenzung zur Klassik problematisiert Kurz Grundannahmen der Neoklassik, u.a. an partiellen Gleichgewichten. Im zweiten Teil des Vortrages erläutert Kurz den surplustheoretischen Ansatz der Klassik.
Walter Ötsch beschreibt wie die Ökonomik sich von der Moralwissenschaft unter Adam Smith zu einer Wissenschaft mit einem biologisch determinierten Menschenbild unter Malthus und Ricardo entwickelt. In diesem Prozess kommen naturwissenschaftliche Metaphern (Uhr-System, Waage-Gleichgewicht, Computer-Information) immer mehr zum Tragen. Anhand der Geschichte wird die Entwicklung der modernen Neoklassik gezeigt. Dann wird die marktliberale Interpretation der Neoklassik kritisiert. Zum Schluss wird noch auf das fehlende Narrativ der Ökonomik zur Finanzkrise eingegangen und auf den nicht stattgefundenen Bruch mit der Marktradikalität der Eliten.
The website contains a vast amount of information on the history of economic thought. It presents thinkers, their main works (and links to those works) and schools of thought which are sorted by political economy schools, neoclassical schools, alternative schools as well as thematic schools.
Founded in 1968, The Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE) is an interdisciplinary membership organization of academics and of activists. Its mission is to promote the study, development and application of radical political economic analysis to social problems. Concretely, this involves a continuing critique of both the capitalist system, and of all forms of exploitation and oppression. URPE’s mission also includes, coming out of this critique, helping to construct a progressive social policy, and a human-centered radical alternative to capitalism.
The documentary proceeds along the lines of Karl Marx' biography, inquiring into his workings as a journalist, social scientist, revolutionary and historian and his travels through Europe. In chronological order historical events, such as the 1848 revolution or the Paris Commune as well as concepts such as dialectics, the labour theory of value or the reform-revolution debate are revisited. The documentary is narrated by John Kenneth Galbraith and by an actor, who plays Marx and recites quotes from his writings.
First the emergence of the Austrian school is described regarding the historical context and other schools of thought that were presence at its inception. Emphasis is given to the methodological differences and disputes that members of the Austrian schools had with representatives of the German historical school. Then some defining theoretical and methodological features of the Austrian school are explained. Later, Friedrun Quaas gives an overview of the different generations of scholars associated with the school and their theories, research questions and concepts. Against the background of this knowledge the question as to whether the question as to whether the Austrian school is sufficiently homogenous to denote a consistent paradigm is discussed. At the end, some general, philosophy of science oriented, questions concerning pluralism in the social sciences are posed.
First historical instances of colonialism such as the crusades are revisited. Then a lengthy account of the colonial experience of the Spanish Kingdom in South America and of the British Empire in India is given. The Indian case is illustrated with large amounts of archival materials from a colonial administrator. There the workings of the colonial bureaucracy and law and its (positive) achievements as well as the ignorance and arrogance of the external rulers are demonstrated. After narrating the Indian independence to some depth some recent colonial wars (Algeria, Vietnam, Congo, Angola) are briefly examined. In the end, the impact of colonialism on current, i.e. 1970s, (economic) international relations is discussed. The general tenor is that colonialism is a dysfunctional system. Still, agency is mostly placed with the empire rather than with the ruled.
The documentary recounts the history of the first World War and gives a biography of Lenin. The concept of imperialism is briefly explored and it is concluded that by the end of world war one the old certainties and old ruling alliances between aristocracy and traditional capitalists were broken up.
John K. Galbraith tells the economic history of a couple of economies (mostly UK, US and to a lesser extent Germany) from the end of the first world war until the Bretton Woods conference. He also provides a biography of John M. Keynes and outlines some central ideas of Keynes such as the possibility of an underemployment equilibrium. Galbraith complements the historical remarks by the biographical experiences he made in economic management (and in engaging with Keynes) serving as deputy head of the Office for Price administration during the second world war.
Eckhard Hein criticises the mainstream's view of secular stagnation as the result of a negative real equilibrium interest rate. Arguing in a Keynesian spirit with particular reference to Steindl, secular stagnation is considered to be a result of shift in the functional income distribution, and oligopolistic organisation of industries, leading to excess capacity and reluctance to invest. This acts as a drag on effective demand and results in secular stagnation. Distributional policies and public investment can, however, overcome stagnation its tendencies.
Galbraith gives an overview of economic history from the 18th century until the end of the 19th century covering issues such as the industrial revolution the enclosure of the Scottish highlands the Irish famine and the colonization of North America Additionally the ideas of economists such as Smith Ricardo Malthus …
This historic timeline presents economic events, economic thinkers and schools of thought from the 18th century until the 2007/2008 financial and economic crisis with short texts on the respective event or perspective.
Was passiert, wenn man Kahnemans Analyse der kognitiven Verzerrungen auf Lehrbücher anwendet? Silja Graupe macht's in ihrer aktuellen Forschung.
Welche Denkschulen bestimmen heute den volkswirtschaftlichen Diskurs und wie haben sie sich entwickelt? Von der Neoklassik über den Keynesianismus und Friedmans neoklassische Gegenrevolution bis hin zum "Neuen Konsens der Makroökonomik" stellt der Text die wichtigsten Strömungen vor.
In this lecture, Beatrice Cherrier explains why it is worth to research the history of JEL codes. The changing relationship between theory and application and the rise and death of new economic topics in the XXth century through the successive revisions of the classification system economists use to publish, recruit and navigate their discipline.
An Introduction to the Political Theory of John Maynard Keynes. John Maynard Keynes was arguably the greatest economist of the 20th century. He discovered the idea that governments should stimulate demand during economic downturns.
In this lecture, Prof. Israel Kirzner presents a historical overview of the development of the Austrian school. The talk covers a timespan from the beginnings of the Austrian School in the early 1870's till just before the more recent 'revival' of the School in the mid-1970's.
Peter Boettke, Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University, talks about the history and the main methodological and epistemological tenets of the Austrian school. He argues that good economics is the mainline tradition of "squaring rational choice with the invisible hand theorem through institutional analysis".
Tom Palley provides a very clear and insightful description of the post-Keynesian school of economics by tracing back its connections to the different historical schools of thought.
In this video, the most famed biographer of John Maynard Keynes, Robert Skidelsky, explores the foundations of Keynesian economics
Trickle Down Economics - an old topic, but still present in our lives. The idea consists of deregulation of the economy and of lower tax for the top in order to increase the "size of the pie" so everybody would have a bigger piece, even with a smaller share.
Prof. Robert Wade (London School of Economics, UK) discusses industrial policy, the challenges of economic development for emerging countries like Brazil and...
The MINE website explores the interplay between nature and economy. Focusing on such fundamental concepts as time, thermodynamics, evolution, homo politicus and justice, a new outline of economic activity emerges within nature. The dominant approach of Mainstream Economics, which considers nature as a subsystem of the economy, is thus replaced by a broader and more integrated framework. The visual map and its links between concepts provides an orientation. The visitor can approach the content from their own starting point and follow their own path to discovery. Each concept starts with the historical background and moves on through theory and practice.
The research behind MINE began in the 1970s at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, in an interdisciplinary group spearheaded by Professor Malte Faber, including scientists from economics to mathematics, physics and philosophy. The research has contributed to the field of Ecological Economics.
MINE is directed at students, scientists and decion-makers. More on http://nature-economy.de/faq/
The article is a formal response to the debate between the economists Diane Coyle and Howard Reed, whose articles were published online by Prospect magazine in 2018. Then, it was taken by Rethinking Economics as representative for the vision of the global network which advocates for changing economics curricula. In fact, it clearly solves some issues within the debate around pluralism by explaining its common misunderstandings among academics and its true - often mislead - meaning.
Since Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel Memorial Price in Economic Sciences in 2002, a new branch of economics gained academic and popular interest. That is, the so-called area of behavioural economics. However, some scholars claim that this new area of economics is not changing much of the mainstream paradigm. Why?
Wir nutzen Cookies. Klicke auf "Akzeptieren" um uns dabei zu helfen, Exploring Economics immer besser zu machen!